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First, let's introduce what ADB and AFS are
Adaptive high beam system (ADB) headlights use sensor input to automatically adjust the brightness, angle and shape of the light beam to cope with changing driving conditions. When you enable high beams while driving at night, if your vehicle detects that another vehicle is approaching, the headlights will quickly adjust to avoid shining directly into the eyes of the other driver. For example, a "glare-free" high beam can be intelligently adjusted for oncoming vehicles, vehicles ahead in the same lane, or both vehicles at the same time, while also recognizing traffic signs on the road.
Adaptive front headlight system (AFS), it is a driver assistance system designed to improve driving safety and comfort. AFS continuously adjusts the direction of the headlights by integrating vehicle sensors such as steering wheel angle, vehicle speed and yaw rate to ensure accurate lighting in various driving conditions, allowing drivers to see the road ahead clearly at night or in bad weather.
Composition of ADB adaptive high beam system
Usually, ADB system consists of forward active safety camera (FAS-Cam), headlight controller (HCM), light source module driver, light source module, transmission line and other parts. At present, the main light source of ADB is LED, so the light source module driver is LED driver module (LDM).
Composition of AFS adaptive headlight system
AFS is a system composed of sensor group, transmission path, processor and actuator. Due to the need to make comprehensive judgments on various vehicle driving states, AFS is objectively determined to be a complex system with multiple inputs and multiple outputs.
How does adaptive high beam ADB headlight work
One of the basic components of any adaptive high beam (ADB) system is the camera and/or sensor installed on the vehicle to monitor the surrounding environment, identify other vehicles and objects, and perceive weather and lighting conditions on the road. Headlight types include halogen lamps, lasers or LED light sources. In some cases, light changes can be controlled by blinds; most new adaptive high beam (ADB) systems use LED matrix design. For example, Audi's LED matrix headlight system uses eight vertical "fingers" of light, each of which can be turned on or off independently.
Another key component of the adaptive high beam (ADB) system is the reflective element, called the digital light processing (DLP) chip. "DLP includes thousands of independently controlled digital micromirror devices (DMDs) built on CMOS memory cells." These precise, compact, computer-controlled and coordinated system components together constitute the adaptive high beam (ADB) system.
How does the AFS adaptive front headlight system work?
To achieve different functions, AFS must obtain different vehicle driving information from different sensors. For example, in order to realize the function of rotating lighting on a curved road, in addition to obtaining the vehicle speed from the vehicle speed sensor, the steering wheel angle from the steering wheel angle sensor, and the body tilt angle from the body height sensor, some special sensors must also be used to obtain the information of the actual steering angle of the vehicle; in order to realize the function of lighting on rainy days, it is necessary to obtain information on whether it is rainy from the humidity sensor.
Because in normal circumstances, some of the information required by AFS is also used by other control systems, that is, AFS actually shares some sensors with other systems, so these sensor information can only be shared through the bus transmission channel.
Except for a few pieces of information such as vehicle speed, body angle and body tilt angle, which can be quantified, the information received by AFS can only be qualitative. For example, environmental information outside the body, such as whether the ground is flat or not, whether the rain is heavy, etc., cannot be accurately quantified. This allows the central processor of AFS to make fuzzy judgments. And many pieces of information are interrelated. For example, in rainy weather, when the road is flooded, the turning angle of the vehicle is very different from that in sunny days... The central processor of AFS not only has to make fuzzy judgments, but also has to constantly adjust the system parameters as the environment changes, which makes AFS an adaptive fuzzy system in the end.
The actuator of AFS is composed of a series of motors and optical mechanisms. Generally, there are projection headlights, height adjustment motors for adjusting the vertical angle of the headlights, rotation motors for adjusting the horizontal angle of the headlights, movable gratings for adjusting the basic light type, and some additional lights such as corner lights.
The difference between the traditional adaptive high beam switching system and the adaptive high beam system
What is the difference between the traditional adaptive high and low beam switching system and the ADB adaptive high beam system? The answer is that the adaptive high and low beam system maintains basically symmetrical left and right brightness between the high beam and the low beam - either a pair of low beams or a pair of high beams; while ADB is different. Taking left-hand drive traffic as an example, when there is a traffic jam in the opposite lane, ADB will completely turn off the left high beam to prevent misleading other drivers into thinking that it is a motorcycle driving on the roadside. If a vehicle tries to turn left, overtake or turn around from the traffic jam lane at this time, this may lead to an accident. The pros and cons of the ADB adaptive high beam system are still worth re-discussing! However, it is undeniable that the birth of the ADB adaptive high beam system has made an important contribution to the development of car lights.
At present, intelligent lighting has become an indispensable part of smart cars. Whether it is traditional cars in the past or autonomous driving in the future, car headlights illuminate the road under the night sky, which is always the most reliable guarantee for night travel safety.
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