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Analysis of common faults of automobile engines

By, CoolMotor

• 2024-04-18
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Today, with the rapid development of the automobile industry, the technical requirements for automobile maintenance are also constantly improving. The automobile engine is the power source of the automobile. Its structure is extremely complex and the causes of failure are various. This article focuses on the common faults of automobile engines and combines the experience of actual maintenance work to make the following summary of common fault phenomena and maintenance methods.

Common engine faults and main causes

(1) Abnormal lubricating oil consumption

When the car is driving, the engine lubricating oil consumption is more than usual. After driving for a certain mileage, the instrument panel will soon show that the lubricating oil level is insufficient. This situation is usually due to the following three reasons:

1. It may be that there is a problem with the sealing of the engine piston, causing the gap between the piston and the cylinder wall to be too large, causing oil burning.

2. It may be that the engine parts are severely worn, causing the gaps between the parts to be too large, resulting in abnormal lubricating oil consumption.

3. The lubricating oil used by some engines does not meet the standards, resulting in abnormal lubricating oil consumption.

(2) Engine overheating failure

Due to the special structure of the automobile engine, the coolant temperature is prone to be too high during operation. Once the coolant temperature exceeds the normal value, the engine cannot dissipate heat normally, which will cause the engine to overheat and affect the normal operation of the engine. The main reasons for abnormal working of the cooling system include: thermostat failure, radiator failure, fan not rotating, water tank blockage, etc.

(3) Odor in the engine compartment

Affected by the high temperature of the engine, the wires around it are prone to burnt or melted, emitting a pungent smell. The odor in the engine compartment may also be caused by the large amount of lubricating grease applied during maintenance, which evaporates as the engine temperature rises.

(4) Abnormal color of exhaust gas

There is also an obvious manifestation of whether the car engine is malfunctioning. The engine malfunction can be analyzed from the abnormal color of the exhaust gas. The color of the exhaust gas after normal combustion of gasoline should be colorless, but when it is fired. When the engine fails, the color of the exhaust gas will change.

1. The exhaust gas is black because the fuel is not fully burned.

2. The fuel does not meet the combustion standards, or the gasoline contains water, which will emit white exhaust gas.

3. When the color of the exhaust gas is blue, it may be because the piston ring is too worn or the oil ring is opposite, causing the oil to jump up and enter the engine combustion chamber, or the oil seeping from the valve guide is involved in combustion.

Maintenance strategies for common engine faults

(1) Control lubricating oil consumption

Normal engine operation inevitably consumes a certain amount of lubricating oil, and abnormal lubricating oil consumption often corresponds to some kind of engine failure. If abnormal lubricating oil consumption occurs, you should first check the oil quality and oil quantity, and replace the lubricating oil if necessary to avoid engine failure due to oil quality problems. After troubleshooting the oil quality problem, you should check the relevant parts one by one. It may be that the parts are severely worn, the gaps between the parts are too large, or the oil pressure is too high, causing the oil to jump up into the combustion chamber. The leakage of engine oil is mainly caused by the hardening and aging of the sealing gasket and the stuck valve.

(2) Monitor engine overheating in time

When the coolant temperature is abnormal, a warning will appear on the car's dashboard. When an abnormal coolant temperature is found, the vehicle should be stopped and checked to see if the coolant is leaking. It should be noted that you cannot stop the car immediately when it is hot, nor can you add coolant immediately. Instead, you must wait until the engine temperature is normal before operating. If there is a lot of coolant, the engine thermostat and fan radiator should be checked for failure. The problem of engine overheating requires car drivers to master basic common sense and maintenance methods. The engine should be regularly maintained and inspected.

(3) Eliminate the special smell produced by the engine

While the vehicle is in use, if you find a pungent smell or burning smell in the engine compartment, you should stop the vehicle immediately, check whether there are softened or burnt lines around the engine, and repair the burnt or short-circuited lines in a timely manner to avoid greater damage. safety incident. If there is still an unpleasant smell after the circuit fault is eliminated, you should consider whether there are factors such as oil or foreign matter attached to the engine surface that volatilizes or burns due to heat.

(4) Troubleshooting for abnormal exhaust smoke color

When the engine starts running, fuel will be burned and exhaust emissions will be produced. Partial engine faults can be identified based on the color of the exhaust gas. When the exhaust gas is black, it is usually because the mixer is too rich and the fuel cannot be completely burned. In this case, the sensor related to the intake air should be checked. When the exhaust gas is white in color, it is usually due to poor vaporization of the fuel. It is discharged from the exhaust pipe without combustion. It is more likely that the spark plug failure and poor fuel quality are possible. If the exhaust gas is blue, you need to solve the problem of burning oil. There may be a problem with the spark plug or valve oil seal. You should check it in time and replace it with new parts if necessary.

Summarize

Mastering common engine failure repair methods can reduce driving safety hazards, and doing regular maintenance can extend the service life of the engine.